New Medical Inventions

By [http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Jason_Gluckman] Jason Gluckman The average life span of human beings has improved considerably in the last century, thanks to the progress of medical technology. Medical inventions have not only paved the way for improved diagnostic techniques, but also manipulation of chemicals and minerals to cure the human body of many ailments. Medical innovations have led to the complete eradication of dangerous diseases like small pox. The latest medical research is focused on inventing a cure for dangerous and fatal diseases like AIDS and cancer that have already claimed the lives of many. New curative or preventive medicines for such diseases will be a major break through in medical technology. There are many drug companies that fund as well as aid in research and development for new medical inventions. Scientists and inventors with credible theories are also encouraged by governments of all nations to carry on research to come up with new medical techniques in diagnosis and treatment as well as new medical cures and drugs. There are also corporations and companies that help inventors and physicians to put their innovative ideas into practice and develop new medical devices and healthcare products. Such companies also help to market the new products once they are ready for use. For example, an ingenious medical invention was developed by Dr. Clyde Morgan with the help of Eureka Medical, a company that offers services to people with innovative ideas in medicine. He developed a new type of non-invasive treatment to control symptoms of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Few of these symptoms include loss of hand grip strength, interruption of sleep due to numbness in hands and aching shoulders and neck. The device helped patients to be in control of the symptoms and go back to sound sleep during nights. The device, to be worn at night, comes with a solution that helps to keep routine sleep interruption in check. [http://www.e-NewInventions.com] New Inventions provides detailed information on New Inventions, Gadgets and New Inventions, New Computer Inventions, New Medical Inventions and more. New Inventions is affiliated with [http://www.i-Inventors.com] African American Inventors. Article Source: [http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Jason_Gluckman ] http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Jason_Gluckman [http://ezinearticles.com/?New-Medical-Inventions&id=278022 ] http://EzineArticles.com/?New-Medical-Inventions&id=278022 tramadol best buy
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Special Events That Call for Promotional Umbrellas

By Gareth Parkin Promotional umbrellas are a great way to publicize your business, but in some events and cases they can offer special value. If youre looking for a special way to add some pizzazz to company event, or to market your business, you might consider one of these ideas for using promotional umbrellas. Brand Building and Marketing
Promotional umbrellas offer unparalleled value as a purveyor of your brand name. They are a high value item, very visible, will be used often and can last for years. Promotional umbrellas are often on the most wanted lists of promotional items released by many companies in their marketing efforts. Because they carry a higher cost per unit than smaller, less impressive items, you can usually order them in relatively small lots 25 to 50 items are a common minimum for promotional umbrellas. That makes them ideal for handing out to commemorate special events, anniversaries and product releases. They make ideal prizes at golf tournaments and charity parties. Some of the ways that you might use promotional umbrellas to build your brand identity include: - selling them for charity fundraising
- give as corporate gifts to clients and suppliers
- give as gifts for sponsorship at charity events and fundraisers
- include them as a premium for high-value clients
- give as gifts to business associates like accountants and advisors
- use them at receptions and outdoor events Protect Your Customers
Do you own a restaurant, hotel or apartment building? There are many opportunities to use branded promotional umbrellas as part of your marketing and customer care efforts. An inn or hotel might keep some on hand for the use of their guests on rainy days. A restaurant with valet parking might shelter customers from the rain as they move from their vehicle to the entrance of the building. In a conference centre or events venue, providing promotional umbrellas to guests for their use during the conference can encourage them to step outside and move between buildings, or keep them dry if they choose to leave the building for lunch or dinner. Its the small attention to details that often stay in the minds of conference and event attendees. And unlike giveaways, promotional umbrellas used in this way can be reused over and over for years. Golf Tournaments
Golf days have become a popular way to raise money for charity. They attract sophisticated, high profile business leaders in the community, and are often full day events. Promotional golf umbrellas are an excellent choice as a takeaway gift for a golf day for many reasons. Your guests may even have occasion to make use of their gifts on the day of the event. If the weather should make your promotional umbrellas a handy thing to have, your attention to detail is sure to be remembered and commented upon for some time to come. Even more importantly, your guests will use their umbrellas for years to come, and whenever they do, theyll be promoting and endorsing your company and your event. Promotional Parasols for Events and Weddings
Umbrellas are not just for rain. Promotional parasols can add a unique touch to an outdoor company event or promotion, or even to a wedding. Promotional parasols can be designed to exactly match the color scheme of your event, and can be printed with your corporations name or logo, or left plain. For more ideas on how to use promotional umbrellas to promote and market your business, check out the vast range of promotional gift sites on the internet where there respective representatives will be happy to offer ideas and advice to make your corporate and special events memorable and profitable. Gareth Parkin is the co-founder of Ideasbynet.com, the UK's leading online promotional umbrellas and printed umbrellas supplier based in the north of England. Ideasbynet was established in 2001 and together with the Chairman Peter Howarth he has taken the UK promotional gift market by storm. Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Gareth_Parkin http://EzineArticles.com/?Special-Events-That-Call-for-Promotional-Umbrellas&id=573272 1 soma purchase
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Kids and Teens and the Phone: Creative Solutions for Your Family

By Jeff Herring I'm always impressed and amazed by the creative solutions that parents and families come up with to solve problems. This creative and elegant solution came from a family with whom I once worked. Their son had his own phone and an answering machine that they had provided. They decided that whenever their son violated his phone privileges, he would put the following on his answering machine or cell phone that said, "Hi, this is John. I've violated my phone privileges and I can't talk to you today. So just leave a message and I'll talk to you tomorrow at school." This one worked so well that they had to use it only twice. Another family created solution Another family has learned just to stop calls at a certain hour of the night. After that time, no non-emergency calls for their child would be accepted. They define an emergency as something that would cause imminent physical or emotional harm. If you try these solutions and they don't work, or you are saying to yourself, "That would never work in my family!" that could indicate a problem that requires professional assistance. Some folks may see the phone as a small problem. But I think it's important to manage a small problem well. It's good practice for the bigger issues that may lie ahead. Visit http://www.ParentingYourTeenager.com for tips and tools for thriving during the teen years. For regular weekly tips you can subscribe to our f-ree Parenting Your Teenager Newsletter. You can also subscribe to our f*r*e*e 5 day e-program on The Top 5 Things to Never Say to Your Teenager from parenting coach and expert Jeff Herring. Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Jeff_Herring http://EzineArticles.com/?Kids-and-Teens-and-the-Phone:-Creative-Solutions-for-Your-Family&id=109326 phentermine prescription
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Surviving a Long Distance Relationship

By Sandra Grauschopf One of the advantages of using an online dating site is that you can meet a large number of singles who share your interests and passions. The disadvantage is that there is a good chance that when you do fall in love, your new flame will hail from another city, state, or even another country. Although loving someone who lives hundreds or thousands of miles away can present unique challenges for a couple, surviving a long distance relationship can form a stronger and more secure bond. Here are five tips for creating a romantic atmosphere, even when you cannot physically be together. 1. Have a Date Night
One of the hardest things about being apart is not being able to do normal couple things. However, with a bit of creativity, you can still go on dates. For example, rent the same movie and watch simultaneously, while you talk together on the telephone or through instant messenger. Create a romantic mood by dimming the lights and lighting candles. 2. Play a Game Together
Couples that play together, stay together. Luckily, the internet provides a wide variety of games that you can play with each other. Fantasy games like Everquest, board games like Chess or Scrabble, and card games like Canasta or Poker are just a few of the choices available. 3. Fill a Calendar with Reminders
Let your sweetie know that youre always together in your thoughts by buying a day calendar and filling it with reminders. Mark special occasions like your anniversary, the next time youll see each other, and romantic holidays on it. On days in between, leave love notes and reminders of wonderful times youve had together. Have a calendar custom-made with pictures of you to make it even more romantic. 4. Give a Kiss for Each Day Youre Apart
To help make it easier to bear the time apart, send your lover a treat for each day that youre separated. A Hersheys Kiss, for example, or a box of love letters and poems, with a new note to open each morning will brighten your beloveds day. Surprise kisses are good, too tuck little notes in your sweethearts luggage or hide some in unexpected places around the house after a visit. 5. Dream Together
If you cant be together, dreaming about the time when you will be is a good substitute. Send your love an email each morning with a picture of a place where you would like to vacation together, or describe the date that you would like to have that night in detail. Compile a list together of the things that you would like to do, so that you can check them off when you are no longer separated. Surviving a long distance relationship requires love, patience, and creativity. These tips will help you to spark your own ideas for ways to bring you and your sweetheart closer together, even when your bodies are far apart. Sandra Grauschopf is a full-time author and a believer in the power of true love. She recommends DemocraticMatch.com, the internet's top meeting place for progressive thinkers, liberals, and democratic singles. Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Sandra_Grauschopf http://EzineArticles.com/?Surviving-a-Long-Distance-Relationship&id=203699 phentermine money order
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March Madness Trends � Part 1

By [http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=William_Foote]William Foote The Madness, folks, is finally upon us. The most beautiful three weeks of sports during the year. When the nations productivity drops 50 percent, as employees wear out the refresh button and extend their lunch breaks to catch the waning seconds of a first round game where some pimple faced kid from Where the Hell is That? college is about to send their bracket up in flames. Yes, the NCAA Tournament is finally upon us! And while we cant help you fill out a perfect bracket, we have been holed up for weeks dissecting the stats and trends from the previous eight tournaments to help pad your collective wallets. So without further ado... A Seemingly Simple Challenge Before we jump into the numbers, let us pose a seemingly simply challenge. Could you pick the straight up winner of each and every NCAA tournament game at a 55 percent or better rate? How about a 60 percent or better rate? We are talking about just identifying the straight up winner with no point spread involved. You know like who will win out between Duke and We are making our first Tournament appearance ever College? Presumably, most would assume that even a monkey could pick the SU winners at a higher rate. Our question then becomes: why dont you? One of the most glaring trends we have ever come across is the frequency in which straight up winners also cover the spread in the NCAA tournament. In fact, straight up winners are an incredible 376-116-13 ATS (76 percent) over the past eight years during March Madness. This simply means that if you were able to identify who was going to win the game, irrespective of the spread, than you would be cashing tickets at a 3:1 ratio! Since money talks, let us put it another way. A nickel player who bets $550 to win $500 would be $124,200 wealthier if he or she were to accomplish this feat over the past eight tournaments. A "half dollar" player risking the standard $55 to win $50 would be $12,420 closer to retirement. Someone once said, There are more important things in life to worry about than just money; how to get a hold of it, for example. Well, picking straight up winners in the NCAA Tournament appears like a darn good place to start. Right? As one notable annoying football analyst likes to say, not so fast, my friend. As is so often the case, if it looks to good to be true; it probably is. Let us quickly shed some light on why this ostensibly simple feat is anything but. By definition, SU Winners Can Be Broken Down Into Two Categories: 1. Favorites who win and cover.
2. Underdogs who win outright. Why then, do we not simply play the favorite in every single tournament game and head to Hawaii for the rest of April, and perhaps part of May for that matter? As one notable professor, A. J. Carlton, wisely noted; Let us keep our mouths shut and our pens dry until we know the facts. This rather callous remark actually segues perfectly into our next observation. In the simplest of terms, underdogs are still a better bet than favorites. Specifically, underdogs were 265-224-15 ATS (54 percent) over the past eight tournaments combined. Conversely, this implies that of course favorites were an unprofitable 46 percent winning proposition during the same time period. If you know anything about how odds are set, this should hardly come as a surprise. After all, John Q. Public still bets favorites at a higher ratio than underdogs. In other words, most folks are interested in betting the hot or most notable teams. And do not think this fact is lost on the oddsmakers! Keep in mind that March Madness brings in as many square bettors this side of the Super Bowl. Practically every Tom, Dick and Harry will place a bet on this tournament and rest assured they are laying the wood more often than taking the points. If the lines makers did not adjust for this fact, then the books and Vegas would be wiped out. Conclusion: it may be a better idea to take notice in the teams no one else is interested in. Underdogs That Lose SU One of the more interesting trends we uncovered is that favorites who won SU were a startling 222-117-13 ATS (65 percent). This trend makes some sense when you remember, as we pointed out above, that SU winners covered at a 76 percent clip. And favorites during the past eight tournaments were 351-151-2 SU (70 percent). (Note that the two pushes were games in which the final spread was a pick.) In other words, since SU winners cover at such a high rate and most SU winners are favorites, then it would stand to reason that favorites generally cover from these observations alone. However, the implication here is startling. Namely, underdogs who lose SU were a measly 35 percent ATS! So if you are going to play an underdog, you might be better served to play them on the money line. But be realistic. Please do not go out and play the No. 16 seed against a No. 1 seed on the money line and expect to come away with a lottery ticket and then bang on our door for a refund when it does not come in. William Foote is a documented member of the Professional Handicappers League.
Read all of his articles at http://www.procappers.com/William_Foote.htm Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=William_Foote http://EzineArticles.com/?March-Madness-Trends---Part-1&id=162287 buy xanax with no prescription
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Tuberculosis (TB) Part 3

By [http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Ibrahim_Machiwala] Ibrahim Machiwala Other Problems to be Considered: Blast mycosis
Cat scratch disease It is critical that hopitalized patients with suspected or documented TB be placed in appropriate isolation. This includes a private room with negative pressure and adequate air exchanges. Persons entering the room must wear masks or respirators capable of filtering droplet nuclei. Patients should remain in isolation until sputum becomes smear-negative; however, patients ordinarily should not be kept in the hospital for the sole purpose of providing isolation, Special arrangements are necessary for patients who live with children, individuals infected with HIV, patients returning to a closed-group setting (eg, nursing home, correctional facilities, residential facility, homeless shelter). Further Outpatient Care: Patients diagnosed with active TB should have sputum examined for M tuberculosis weekly until sputum conversion is documented. Monitoring for toxicity includes baseline and periodic liver enzymes, complete blood count, and serum creatinine. In addition, patients on pyrazinamide should have baseline or periodic serum uric acid determinations, and patients on long-term ethambutol therapy should have baseline or periodic visual acuity and red-green color perception testing. The latter can be performed with a standard test such as Inhihara test for color blindness. Deterrence/Prevention: Patients with a clinically significant result on tuberculin skin testing (see other tests) should be given a course of therapy once active infection and disease is ruled out. Guidelines published by the CDC in 2000 now refer to this as treatment of latent TB. The recommended regimens are listed below: o INH daily for 9 months o INH twice weekly for 9 months (given as DOT) o INH daily for 6 months (should not be used in patients with fibrotic lesions on chest radiograph, patients with HIV, or children) o INH twice weekly for 6 months (given as DOT, should not be used in patients with fibrotic lesions on chest radiograph, patients with HIV, or children) o Rifampin daily for 4 months o Rifampin plus pyrazinamide daily for 2 months Children should be given INH for 9 months. In addition, children younger than 5 years who have closed contact to an active case of TB should be started on INH even of skin testing is negative; preventive therapy can be stopped if repeat skin testing is negative 3 months after last contact with a culture positive source case.

Patient exposed to MDR-TB may be given ethambutol plus pyrazinamide for 6 12 months or pyrazinamide plus levofloxacin for 6 12 months; the index isolate should be susceptible to all drugs used. Recommended regimens in patients with HIV infection include pyrazinamide plus rifampin daily for 2 months, rifampin alone daily for 4 months, or 9 months of INH (daily or twice weekly). Patients on antiretroviral therapy may need rifabutin in place of rifampin. Dr. D.S. Merchant Resident Medicine AKUH
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How to Play Craps with the Power Pressing System

By [http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Tracy_Falbe]Tracy Falbe Craps is the casino game that everybody is curious about. It's big and looks complicated, and when people are winning, it's the loudest place in the casino. Like any casino game some luck is involved in winning, but the flexibility and choices that craps players have allows them to position themselves to play aggressively when the dice get hot. One of the things that makes craps so interesting is that you can interact with the game according to your own strategy. You can set goals that might be completely different from the player next to you but you both can be winning. Once you understand the basics of play, you can become like a gymnast, who can move backward and forward on the balance beam. If you choose, you can put all your moves together and devise a routine. An avid sect of players employs the power pressing craps system. Power pressing is the general term to describe playing craps in an aggressive manner that steadily increases the size of bets. House money (money generated by winning bets at the casino) is the preferred source of money for fattening the bets. It is classic reinvestment of profits.
The "power" in the term power pressing refers to the determination with which bets are increased. The player will rarely receive any change after a number has won because all the winnings are reinvested in the bet. Some power presses even require that the player chip in a few more bucks in order to achieve the next desired betting level. Power presses can be done to one number or multiple numbers at the same time. To distinguish between regular old pressing and power pressing, think of pressing as speeding a bit on the highway when you are late for work. Power pressing is more like automobile racing. You want to draft behind the car in front of you and build as much momentum into your system as possible before swinging out ahead and making the big win. In order to begin power pressing, you need to have one or more place bets. Place bets are the most suited to power pressing because they win the first time the number rolls, unlike come bets, and the player has the option to reclaim the entire bet.
Now that you have some place bets in action, you can begin power pressing. The following scenario will serve as an example of the power pressing technique. Basic Six and Eight Power Press The six and the eight are the most common numbers to attempt to power press. This is because, after the omnipresent seven, the six and eight are the most common rolls and therefore the numbers amenable to rolling repeatedly. Having your place bets win two or more times is key to successful power pressing and winning.

You start with $6 bets on the six and eight. Your initial goal is to achieve $12 bets on the six and eight after only one win on either the six or eight.
The six rolls while the bet is in action, and the $6 place bet wins $7.
You say "press the six and eight" and GIVE THE DEALER $5.
The dealer will take the new $5 injected into the system and put it with the $7 payoff, which equals $12. This will become the new $12 bet on the six. The original $6 on the six will be added to the $6 on the eight and thereby create a second $12 bet on the eight. If the eight rolled instead of the six in this scenario, the same things occur.
So far, you have invested $17 (original $12 bets plus the $5 for the power press) and have $24 in action. The next time the six or eight rolls, you will be paid $14. Now your investment has been recouped except for $3, and the next win will be pure profit of $11. Winning the $11 relies upon sixes or eights rolling three times without the seven rolling when the bets are active.
Remember, the key to maximizing winnings is making bets bigger while youre winning. If you are interested in [http://www.falbepublishing.com/craps/Get_Dicey_Play_Craps_and_Have_Fun.html]how to play craps the [http://www.falbepublishing.com/craps/Get_Dicey_Play_Craps_and_Have_Fun.html]craps book Get Dicey: Play Craps and Have Fun written by Tracy Falbe under the pen name Tracy Michigan is an excellent reference. http://www.falbepublishing.com Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Tracy_Falbe http://EzineArticles.com/?How-to-Play-Craps-with-the-Power-Pressing-System&id=138804 pharmacy no rx phentermine
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Phone Interviews: Prepare to Ace Them!

By Jeff Altman More companies are saving time and effort by doing initial telephone interviews before committing themselves to hours of time assessing and evaluating applicants. They are doing this because, frankly, it's a good way to save a team's time from interviewing obviously unqualified people. From your standpoint, this means that you need to develop an additional interview skill. One of the disadvantages of doing a phone interview is that they can't see how well you look or what a great suit you're wearing to the interview or that you own terrific ties. It also means that you can sit in the comfort of your home, rather than trudging to their site. With this opportunity, comes problem. The major problem is that they can't see how well you look or what great clothes you own. All they can do is listen to your voice and the energy that you convey and listen to the answers to your questions; you, on the other hand, can't see when you've lost their attention or when you've bored them. There are no visual cues for either of you. But with preparation, you can do a fabulous job and get in the door. Here's a few pointers. 1. For any interview, go to the company's website and learn about the firm. Also, if you can read a job specification on their site (or elsewhere) do so. After all the spec is the road map to what they are going to assess your abilities for. 2. Take some notes to remind yourself of points that you may want to make or about things that you might forget. Sometimes people get nervous, just like they do in person. Have a few notes nearby about your role, responsibilities and accomplishments as helpful reminders. Support your statements with detailed examples of accomplishments when possible. Remember, they can't see if you have a manual open to something you might be a little rusty in! They can't see that you have your resume in front of you! 3. Rehearse. Have someone call you and listen to your voice on the phone. Maybe your cordless phone makes your voice sound tinny. Maybe you speak too softly, mumble or speak too quickly to be understood by others. Ask someone you trust to critique you. 4. Pick out a place in your house where the kids won't interrupt you or the tv won't make noise in the background. I hate interviewing people who have the stereo playing in the background (it happens more often than you can imagine). 5. Write down their questions so that you can stay on purpose. Too often, people forget the original question and go rambling about something far a field. Stay on target. 6. Your voice is your only sales tool. Don't allow yourself to sound tired or blas over the phone. Sounds energetic and excited, even if they've asked you the same questions that every other interviewer has for the last six months! 7. At the time of the phone interview, log off your computer (If you can't definitely get off of instant messengers and other services that chime. These may sabotage your concentration just when you need it most. 8. Rehearse. Rehearse. Rehearse. I can't emphasize enough that you need to practice phone interviews, just as you have in person one. 9. Don't use your cell phone if you can avoid it. Cell phones rarely allow your voice to sound as clear as a standard land line. Try to avoid using it for interviews. 10. Be courteous and try not to speak over the interviewer or cut them off. If you do, apologize and let the interviewer continue. 11. Do not hang up until the interviewer has hung up. Follow these pointers and I'm sure you'll do better on your interviews. Jeff Altman has successfully assisted many corporations identify technology management leaders and staff since 1971. He is also co-founder of Your Next Job, a networking group focused on assisting technology professionals with their job search, a certified leader of the ManKind Project, a not for profit organization that assists men with life issues, and a practicing psychotherapist. For additional job hunting or hiring tips, go to http://www.newyorkmetrotechnologyjobs.com
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Streaks Happen - Winning and Losing Streaks Explained

By [http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Lee_Reeves]Lee Reeves Winning and losing streaks are a familiar aspect of gambling. But they are often misunderstood. Streaks can lead gamblers astray. I sometimes wonder how much money has been lost because a player does not understand streaks. For example, players who feel they are on a winning streak may bet accordingly. They believe that since they are on a winning streak, it will continue. So they bet as if they must keep on winning. On the other hand, players who have been on a long losing streak may assume that they are overdue for a win. They may assume that since the roulette wheel has come up black five times in a row, next time it will certainly come up red. So they bet all their money on red. If the wheel comes up black again, they may think the wheel is rigged, or they are just cursed with bad luck. You may already understand the problem with this approach. Consider a simple coin toss. If I throw a coin five times and it comes up heads each time, is the coin suddenly overdue for tails? Am I on a "heads winning streak" which I can expect to continue? Of course the answer to both questions is no. Each toss of the coin is independent. No matter how many times the coin comes up heads, the probability of heads on the next toss remains 1/2. The coin does not in any sense remember how many times it has come up a particular way. So why do streaks occur? Is there any pattern to streaks? If there is, can we take advantage of this pattern? As you will see, streaks are not really mysterious. In fact, we can actually predict their existence using simple mathematics. We can also study their behavior using computer simulations. Let's continue using the example of coin tossing. We know that the probability of heads in a single coin toss is 1/2. So is the probability of tails. We also know that if we toss a coin ten times, there is no guarantee that we will get exactly five heads and five tails. But in the long term, we expect the result to get closer to 50% heads and 50% tails. If we toss the coin many times and record the results, we will see examples of streaks of various length. Sometimes we will see three heads in a row, sometimes five tails in a row. On the surface, there may be no apparent pattern. But on closer study, a pattern does emerge. I'll provide an example later in this article. First, to help understand this pattern, let's consider the case where we throw the coin 1024 times. This may seem like a strange number, but it's convenient because it's a power of 2, and this makes the example easy to work out. In theory, we expect half the tosses to result in heads and half in tails. 1024/2 = 512 so we expect 512 heads and 512 tails. If we assume exactly 512 heads and 512 tails, then we can have at most 256 streaks of length 1. To imagine this, think of a simpler case where the number of throws is only 16. Consider the sequence with the following pattern: HHTTHHTTHHTTHHTT This sequence has 16 throws, 8 heads and 8 tails. There are exactly 4 HH streaks and 44 TT streaks. There can't possibly be more than 4 of each kind of streak and still have exactly 8 heads and 8 tails. This is just one possible outcome. In general we expect longer streaks to occur sometimes. However, we expect them to occur less often than shorter streaks. For example, we would expect a HHH streak to occur only half as many times as a HH streak. To see this, compare the pattern HHHX with HHXX, where X is either H or T. For HHHX, X must be T to maintain the streak. If X is H, then the streak changes from HHH to HHHH. In other words there is only one way the HHH streak can happen in the sequence HHHX. But HHXX can occur two ways, as HHTH or HHTT. So we would expect, allowing for longer streaks, that we should get HH streaks 128 times, HHH streaks 64 times, and so on. Now we can construct a theoretical table for how often streaks of each length should occur.
Length Times
------ -----
1 128
2 64
3 32
4 16
5 8
6 4
7 2
8 or more 1
How does this theoretical result match with a real experiment? Since it's tiresome to throw a coin 1024 times, I wrote a short computer program to simulate this experiment. Instead of tossing a coin, I use a software random number generator. The program simulates 1024 tosses and keeps track of how often each length streak occurs. Here's the result of one run for streaks of H.
Length Times
------ -----
1 126
2 66
3 32
4 19
5 7
6 3
7 0
8 2
9 0
10 1
The pattern fits well with our theory, although not exactly. Of course this is typical of experiments in probability. We could increase the number of throws in order to achieve results which come closer to the theoretical result. My program has done nothing but simulate throwing a coin 1024 times, with equal probabilities each time of heads or tails. Yet, streaks occur. Moreover, they occur in a pattern, as our simple theory predicts. I hope that this article provided some insights into streaks. I'll conclude with this thought. When it comes to independent events such as tossing a coin or throwing the dice, you can know that you have been on a streak, but you can't know if the streak will continue. Copyright 2005 by Lee Reeves
Lee writes on many topics. http://www.department440.com
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